我国安全生产行政执法统计指标体系研究与应用

我国安全生产行政执法统计指标体系自施行以来，一直存在统计指标体系过于繁杂、部分统计指标较笼统，未充分体现安全生产重点工作及其成效等问题，创新改革安全生产行政执法统计制度具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。通过梳理安全生产行政执法统计指标体系演变脉络，在实地调研和现场访谈的基础上，基于PDCA理论提出以执法人员-执法对象-执法行为“三位一体”的安全生产行政执法统计指标体系，明确包含执法力量、执法对象、执法检查和事故查处等方面的综合评价指标，并在实践中得以应用和检验，为全面分析安全生产执法效能拓展空间，统计制度的后续修订和安全生产综合分析工作奠定基础。     

时间因素对钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1值测定的影响分析

针对时间因素对钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1测定结果的影响，采用恒温瓦斯放散试验深入分析钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1测定理论的准确性，总结因时间因素导致K1值测定误差所带来的现场问题。研究结果表明:K1值的测定误差与时间关系密切，测定启动时间越晚，误差越大；测定启动时间由第1 min延后至第2 min，绝对误差和相对误差最大值分别增加0.081 cm3/(g·min1/2)和2.20%；高瓦斯压力条件矿井或煤层的局部高瓦斯压力区域、构造煤发育区的钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1值测定结果偏低，测定误差偏大。研究结果可为煤与瓦斯突出预测水平的提升提供技术支撑。     

城市燃气事故生命损失风险可接受标准研究

为提高我国城市燃气风险管理水平，帮助风险管理者科学地分配维护资源，探讨提出了我国城市燃气事故生命损失风险可接受标准；采用AIR指标法确定了个人风险可接受标准范围为(2.397 3×10-7,4.794 7×10-7)；运用F-N曲线法结合ALARP原则，确定了社会风险可接受标准，最大可接受风险的截距为4.794 7×10-7，可忽略风险的截距为4.794 7×10-8；利用生活质量指数推导模型，计算了达到城市燃气事故可忽略风险水平的最优安全投入成本；基于风险动态原则，分析提出了风险可接受标准的更新办法。研究结果表明:我国城市燃气行业可接受风险水平低于煤矿、大坝、化工等危险行业的可接受风险水平；虽然我国城市燃气事故死亡率逐年降低，但要达到可忽略的风险水平，每年还需大量安全资金投入。     

The potential implementation of green infrastructure assessment using high-resolution National Agriculture Imagery Program data for sustainable hazard mitigation

As green infrastructure gets its attention in hazard mitigation, it is necessary to improve general understanding on what makes green infrastructure important for hazard and resiliency research. To better understand how green infrastructure fits with more traditional notions of structural and nonstructural mitigation, this study examines the relationship between green infrastructure and ‘structural and nonstructural’ mitigation approaches for hazard mitigation. Also, this study discusses a new measurement of locational aspects and spatial patterns of green infrastructure by utilizing high-resolution data in urban areas, and its potential implementation in hazard mitigation. Compared to previous research using land-use land-cover datasets, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) utilizing National Agriculture Imagery Program dataset provides an ability to capture green infrastructure in greater detail. A visual comparison suggests that the NDVI data are able to capture and identify more types of ‘green’ land uses in Harris County. The total green infrastructure percentages for Harris County, Texas, based on 1-m high resolution were found to be 61.5% of the area, compared to the 51.5% based on the National Land Cover Database. This study provides support for utilizing high-resolution data to establish guidelines for green infrastructure’s spatial characteristics and sustainable hazard mitigation. The outcomes of this study will be helpful in the strategic planning and implementation of green infrastructure in urban areas with hazard issues.     

Assessment of deep aquifer groundwater quality in a geographically unique climatic region of Southern Western Ghats,India using water quality indices

Water quality index (WQI) models are generally used in hydrochemical studies to simplify complex data into single values to reflect the overall quality. In this study, deep groundwater quality in the Chittur and Palakkad Taluks of the Bharathapuzha river basin of Kerala, India, was assessed by employing the WQI method developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The assessment of overall water quality is indispensable due to the specific characteristics of the study area, such as geography, climate, over-drafting, and prevalent agricultural practices. Forty representative samples were collected from the study area for monsoon (MON) and pre-monsoon (PRM) seasons. The results showed a general increase of contents from MON to PRM. The major cations were spread in the order Ca²⁺>Na+>Mg²⁺>K⁺ and the anions HCO₃⁻>Cl⁻>CO₃²⁻ based on their relative abundance. Among various parameters analysed, alkalinity and bicarbonate levels during MON were comparatively high, which is indicative of carbonate weathering, and 90% of the samples failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017)/Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012) drinking water guidelines. The CCME WQI analysis revealed that nearly 50% of the samples during each season represented good and excellent categories. The samples in the poor category comprised 10% in MON and 15% in PRM. The overall WQI exhibited 15% of poor category samples as well. The spatial depiction of CCME WQI classes helped to expose zones of degraded quality in the centre to eastward parts. The spatial and temporal variations of CCME WQI classes and different physicochemical attributes indicated the influence of common factors attributing to the deep groundwater quality. The study also revealed inland salinity at Kolluparamba and Peruvamba stations, where agricultural activities were rampant with poor surface water irrigation.     

浑河主要污染指标特征性分析

利用1995年至2010年浑河干流7个常规监测断面的历年监测数据,通过统计分析确定浑河水质的主要污染指标为氨氮、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）。并指出1995～2000年间,浑河有机污染突出,2000年以后,浑河水质氮、磷污染更为突出,有机污染有所改善。并详细分析了这四项主要污染指标的时间及水期间分布规律,为浑河流域水污染治理及编制流域规划提供技术支撑。     

云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态综合对比评价分析

基于主成分分析理论和SPSS统计软件,建立湖泊富营养综合评价模型,以云南省九大高原湖泊为例,对滇池等九大高原湖泊营养状态进行综合评价,并与指数评价法评价结果作对比分析。结果表明：基于主成分分析法的湖库营养状态综合评价能较好地反映云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态,综合评价结果优于指数法。     

高锰酸盐指数测定中影响因素的探讨

通过对酸性法测定高锰酸盐指数全过程的分析,结果表明水样静置时间、水样浓度、水浴时间、反应温度等因素影响测定结果。文章总结了测定过程中需要注意的几个关键环节,确保获得准确数据。     

大凌河朝阳段大型底栖无脊椎动物监测及BI指数评价

通过对大凌河朝阳段5个采样点9个样本的底栖动物监测分析,检出底栖动物59种,采用BI指数进行水质评价。调查结果表明,大凌河南大桥及上游河段为清洁,市区段下游为轻污染至中污染。     

中国主要水系沉积物中重金属分布特征及来源分析

本文简要综述了中国主要水系沉积物中重金属(Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg、Cr)的分布特征,系统讨论了区域城市化进程对水环境的影响,分析了重金属污染特征及其来源,并采用潜在生态风险指数法评价了中国主要水系沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害系数和危害指数。结果显示,中国主要水系表层沉积物中重金属的复合污染状况评价结果是:Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Zn>Cr>Cu。其中,Cd元素的Eir值介于41.25～1755.00之间,属于轻微到极强生态危害,其中大部分样点属于强至极强生态危害。Hg元素的Eir值介于115.29～470.83之间,属于强到极强生态危害,其中大部分样点属于很强至极强生态危害。地区对比而言,综合污染状况以海河和珠江较为显著,长江污染最轻。就其来源来讲,海河流域和珠江流域污染来源主要为工业污染,长江和黄河主要是流域岩石风化和土壤侵蚀。